Financial crises disappeared only after the Great Depression, a period that coincided with the rise of the United States as a global superpower. At the same time the U.S. government reined in financial institutions with legislation like the Glass-Steagall Act and shored them up by creating agencies like the SEC and FDIC. The dollar became the ballast of an extraordinarily stable international monetary system, and crises came to seem like things of the past. Though serious cracks started to appear in the facade after the 1970s, economists in developed nations kept the faith, worshipping at the altar of the Great Moderation.
The recent cataclysm marks the beginning of the end of this dangerous illusion. It also marks the end of the financial stability ushered in by the Pax Americana. As American power erodes in the coming years, crises may become more frequent and virulent, absent a strong superpower that can cooperate with other emerging powers to bring the same stability to the global economy. Far from being a once-in-a-century event, the recent financial disaster may be a taste of things to come.
A new era demands new ways of thinking. We should jettison bankrupt ideas about the inherent stability, efficiency, and resilience of unregulated markets, and we should let crises take their own rightful place in economics and finance. Sadly, many otherwise intelligent people cling to the belief that the recent crisis was an unpredictable, unheralded event. No one could have seen it coming, they say, and we'll never see the likes of it again -- at least not in our lifetimes.
We can wait for a new financial calamity to deal a coup de grace to this continuing complacency. Or we can embrace understanding a new economics: crisis economics.
Nouriel Roubini and Stephen Mihm
Crisis Economics: A Crash Course in the Future of Finance , (p. 266-267), The Penguin Press, 2010